Sore Throat (Pharyngitis)

Explore information on sore throats and book a consultation with a Easy Pharmacy online pharmacist to discuss treatments and prescriptions.

Overview

A sore throat, also known as pharyngitis, is a common condition causing inflammation or irritation in the throat. It is often accompanied by pain, scratchiness, or discomfort in the pharynx, the area behind the mouth and nasal cavity. In most cases, it is mild and resolves within a week.

Causes of Sore Throat

Sore throats are often caused by cold and flu viruses or smoking, but many other factors can contribute, including:

Viral infections – Common cold, flu (influenza), laryngitis, tonsillitis, glandular fever, measles, chickenpox, COVID-19, croup, or mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus).

Bacterial infections – Such as streptococcal infections (strep throat).

Environmental irritants – Tobacco smoke, air pollution, dry air, or exposure to chemicals.

Allergic reactions – Pollen, dust, pet dander, mold, or other allergens.

Acid reflux (GERD) – Stomach acid backing up into the throat.

Dry indoor air – Especially in winter months.

Overuse of the voice – Yelling, talking excessively, or singing without rest.

Excessive throat clearing – Can strain the throat muscles.

Throat injury – Physical damage to the throat.

HIV infection – Can lead to persistent sore throats.
Tumors – In rare cases, throat cancer can cause persistent soreness.

Symptoms of Sore Throat

Common signs of a sore throat include:

Pain or scratchiness – Especially when swallowing.

Redness – At the back of the mouth and tonsils.

White patches or pus – On the tonsils.

Swollen or tender lymph nodes – In the neck.

Hoarseness – A muffled or strained voice.

Mild cough – Irritation in the throat.

Fever – More common with bacterial infections.

Bad breath (halitosis) – Caused by infection or mouth breathing.

Runny nose – Often associated with viral infections.
Body aches – General discomfort, especially with flu-related sore throats.

Treatments for Sore Throat

Home Remedies

You can ease your sore throat at home by:

Getting plenty of rest.
Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Avoiding irritants like tobacco smoke and air pollution.
Sucking on ice cubes or eating soft, cool foods.
Gargling with salt water (½ teaspoon of salt in warm water) multiple times a day.
Using a humidifier to keep indoor air moist.

Medications for Relief

Pain relievers – Over-the-counter medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen.

Throat lozenges or sprays – Containing numbing agents to soothe pain.

Allergy medications – If allergies are contributing to the sore throat.

Medical Treatment

If a bacterial infection like strep throat is the cause, a healthcare professional may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.

If you’re experiencing a sore throat, an Easy Pharmacy pharmacist can provide expert advice and treatment online—no GP visit needed. This free service is available through the NHS UK’s Pharmacy First program.

Get professional guidance and NHS-funded treatment for sore throats. Book your consultation today!

FAQs

Everything You Need to Know About Sore Throat.

What causes a sore throat?

A sore throat can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, dry air, or irritation from smoking or pollution. Most cases are due to viral infections like the common cold.

How can I treat a sore throat at home?

You can drink warm fluids, gargle with salt water, suck on lozenges, and rest your voice. Pain relievers like paracetamol can also help.

Do I need antibiotics for a sore throat?

Not always. Most sore throats are caused by viruses, so antibiotics won’t help. If it’s a bacterial infection (like strep throat), a doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

When should I see a doctor for a sore throat?

See a doctor if your sore throat lasts more than 10 days, gets worse, comes with a high fever, or makes swallowing difficult.

Can I prevent a sore throat?

Yes! Wash your hands often, avoid smoking, stay hydrated, and avoid close contact with sick people to reduce your risk.

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